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Sheila Butler (born 1938) is an American-born Canadian artist and educator known for her work as a painter and printmaker. She was born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh (now Carnegie Mellon University), graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1960. She immigrated to Canada in 1962. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, prior to her time in Winnipeg, Butler and her then-husband Jack Butler lived in Baker Lake, Nunavut. There, they played an instrumental role in the community's artistic development, co-founding the Sanavik Inuit Cooperative and supporting its now-famous printmaking and textile arts programs.

Butler was an influential figure in the Winnipeg art scene. She taught at the University of Manitoba's School of Art from 1973 to 1989 and also taught art history at the University of Winnipeg. During her time there, her work often focused on figurative subjects, exploring themes of domesticity, relationships, and the human condition through a feminist lens. Her commitment to supporting women in the arts was formalized when, with artist Diane Whitehouse, she co-founded Mentoring Artists for Women's Art (MAWA) in 1984, an influential organization that remains vital to the Winnipeg arts community.

In 1989, she left Winnipeg to become a professor of visual arts at the University of Western Ontario (now Western University) in London, Ontario, where she taught until her retirement. Butler is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. She is a recipient of senior arts grants from the Canada Council for the Arts and a founding member of the Art and Cold Cash Collective (2004-2007). Her work is held in numerous public collections, including the National Gallery of Canada, the Winnipeg Art Gallery, and the Art Gallery of Ontario.